Diffusion
- Diffusion is defined as the movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.
Osmosis
- Osmosis is defined as the passage of water from a region of high water concentration to a region of low concentration through a Semi-permeable membrane.
- Ex-osmosis : The passage(exit) of water from inside to outside of a cell. E.g.:- Tender Mango Shrinks when put in Salt Solution.
- End-osmosis : The passage (entry) of water from outside to inside of a cell. E.g.:- Raisins swells when dropped in Water.
Hyper-tonic Solution (EXOSMOSIS)
- A solution that has Less concentration of water as compared to the cell placed in it.
- The water from the cells exits to the solution, due to Ex-osmosis, and therefore thecell shrinks.
Hypo-tonic Solution (ENDOSMOSIS)
- A solution that has More concentration of water as compared to the cell placed in it.
- The water enters the cell from the solution, due to End-osmosis, and therefore the cell swells.
Isotonic Solution (No net Osmosis)
- A solution that has Same concentration of water as compared to the cell placed in it.
- Since there is not net movement of water (osmosis) across the cell, no change in shape is observed.
Plasmolysis (HYPERTONIC)
- The detachment of cell membrane of the plant cell from the cell wall when put in Hypertonic solution is known as Plasmolysis.
- A Cell that has undergone Plasmolysis is called Plasmolysed Cell.
- Plasmolysis happens only in Plant Cells (i.e. cells having cell wall).
Turger Pressure : The pressure excreted by the cell membrane on to the cell wall, when it wants to take in water is known as Turger Pressure.
Wall Pressure : The pressure excreted by the cell wall on to the cell membrane is known as Wall Pressure.
Endocytosis: The process by which the cell engulfs food and other materials from its external surroundings is called endocytosis.
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